Economy of Uttrakhand
There are three pillars of economy.
1. Agriculture and Cattle taming
2. Industry
3. Trade
In Uttarakhand 74% people are working under the first category. So, the condition of cattle taming is better which is also being patronized by the government. The breeds of the cattle are being improved through research programmes.
Out of the total land, in 13.37% land the agricultural work is done. In kumaun Mandal the agricultural produce is better than that of Garhwal Mandal agricultural produce because of the better irrigaiton facilities. Fertility of land is better and climatic conditions are favourable and conducive of Kumaun division.
The land of Uttarakhand can be divided into three categories Kheel. Land Uparavu Land and Talawa land.
Kheel land is the land of low category which has less fertility. This land is immature land between foreats. The soil in it is consisted of sand grains and pebbles. Jhangora, Mandua and Chuwa like food grains are grown in shift basis on such soil. In revenue records such land is called Doyam or Ukharh Bhoomi. The revenue levied on it is at the lowest rate.
Uparavu land is un-irrigated land in which the terraced fields are made for agriculture. In comparison to Kheel Land its fertility is better. Its soil is red and grey in colour and the revenue levied on it is more than that of the Kheel Land. Along with maizes, various sorts of fruits, vegetables, crops of wheat, paddy and crops of cereals (puisen) are grown on it,
Talau means irrigation, ie the land on which paddy in grown through irrigation system. It is consisted of alippery Doraat soil, consequently, its fertility is more than other types uf land. And the revenue levied on it in more than other types of land.
Bhu-Bandobast (Management) / Bhumi Bandobast (Management)
Initially, according to Manu Smriti, along with whole Inde Uttarakhand was also carrying out its land management ba the Gorkhas did illogical land management in 1812. Durim the period of the British Rule in 1815, for the first time, b Gardener in Kumaun and in 1816 by Tailor in Garhwal region Bhumi Bandobast was carried out. But the scientific offerta were done, for the first time for Land Management by G.E. Wicket between 1863-64 and in 1873 which is called Wicket Bandobast. For the first time, the records of land owners were prepared in it and with the help of maps Khasara Khatauni were prepared. In the Bandobast (Management) land was divided into five Categories Talavu Bhumi, Uparavu Abbal, Uparau Doyam, Izran and Kanteel.
After independence in 1963-64 the Uttar Pradesh Government implemented 12 Land-Bandobast in which categorizing the land into Kheel, Uparaun, Talab, out of three. 1/8 acre land was exempted from revenue, accoroing to which 90% farmers were exempted from revenue debt and most of the people migrated to industrial services, leaving agricultural work. At present time, its rate is increasing. Because of it. the ratio of Kheel land and Kanteel land is continuously increasing.
•Main Crops in Uttrakhand
Out of the total agricultural land, 57% portion is in hill area and remaining 43% portio is in plain area. Out of the total agricultural land, the maximum portion is in Udhamsingh Nagar (19.6%) and minimum portion is in Rudraprayag (2%). In total agricultural produce, the contribution of Kumaun Mandal (Division) is 67% and of Garhwal Mandal (Division) is 33%.
Main Crops
•Wheat (33%):
It is mainly grown in Dehradun. Udhamsingh Nagar, Haridwar, Pauri, Nainital.
•Rice (21.6%) :
It is grown in Udhamsingh Nagar, Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Tehri, Pauri, Bageshwar...
•Sugar Cane (6%):
It is produced in Haridwar, Udhamaingh Nagar.
•Barley:
The maximum production of barley is there in Garhwal Mandal (division). The main producing areas of it are Pauri, Tehri. (Division) Pithoragarh, Almora, Dehradun, Chamoli.
•Maize (4.2%):
It too is produced quantitatively more in Garhwal region in comparison to Kumaun region. The main producing areas are Dehradun, Nainital, Rudraprayag, Haridwar, Pithoragarh, Almora.
•Manduwa (15.8%):
The main producing areas of it are Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh and Bageshwar. It is mostly exported to Japan.
•Dals:
(Pulsess) the 76 % quantity of pulses is produced in Udhamsingh Nagar, Nainital, Almora, Bageshwar. Besides these places, in Haridwar, Chamoli, Dehradun, Pithoragarh also the pulses are produced.
Besides the above mentioned produce, fruits are also grown in Uttarakhand in which apples, Lichi, Oranges, Mosami, Lemon, Walnut, tea are the main. The maximum quantity of Lichi is produced in Ram Nagar and Dehradun whereas 50% apples of the state are produced in Uttarkashi which are sold in Delhi with (New Zeeland Brand) and in other areas with the name of (Himachali Apple). Likewise in Almora, Nainital, Dehradun and Pauri there are tea gardens. The organic tes produced here is declared as the best tea by Japan, Canada and Holand.
Note: (a) for the people doing the best performance in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry Kisan Ratna Award was started from 2010 to honour the best performer.
(b) The milk-products of the state are sold with the name of (Anchal Brand). Dairy research and Development centre is established in Nainital.
•Industry
Most part of Uttarakhand is hilly, So, the heavy and medium kinds of industries are not much developed. But the future of small-scale industry and cottage industry is bright here. Even then, owing to strong will-power of the state, industrialization expanded in Udhamsingh Nagar, Haridwar and Dehradun districts. Industries like Ashok Leyland, Tata Motors, Hindustan Lever, Nestle, Dabur etc. are attracted to wards Uttarakhand. Consequently, Pant Nagar developed as Auto hub' on the one hand and Salakui of Dehradun became popular as 'Pharma-City' on the other hand. Up to now, approximately 2500 industrial units have been established and Rs. thirty four, thousand crores have been invested in Uttarakhand. In 2006 the government passed 'Industrial development act and categorized the industries of the state as follows:
•The industries in which upto Rs. 25 Lakh have been invested are called micro-industries.
•Industries having the investment from Rs. 25 lakh to A crore are categorized as small industries
•In the industries in which the investment is from Rs. 5 crores to 10 crores are categorized as medium industries.
•The industries in which the investment is more than Rn. 10 crores are categorized as Heavy Industry,
•Industrial Development is the essential condition for economic development. The state government implemented New Industrial Policy on 26 March 2008 in which 70% of employment was assured for the local inhabitants.
•In various hydro electric projects, along with the local investors, the investors from other states and foreign countries are also made partners.
•In IT industry, Biotech Industry, in food Refinement Industry and Herbal Industry ate aid to local industrialists, immigrants and foreign investors are given preference
•Provisions and efforts are made to save the handicraft industry from being extinct in the state, to increase tourism, to give loan to industrialista at les interest rate and to supply electricity continuously at reasonable rates.
•SIDCUL
SIIDCUL is the first individualized industrial development corporation, along with the State government L.L.C., ICICI, and SIDBI have also invested their shares of money on it 51% of its ownership is of state Government. It is the organization of seven industrial units in 8000 acres of land which is well equipped with modern facilities. Under it the entrepreneurs, who establish industrial units are are given concession on production tax, income tax and other taxes. Al present, 1500 units are established under it, in which 4 lakhs people are employed. The seven industrial units are:
1. Integrated industrial unit Pant Nagar, the largest one from the point of view of area.
2. Integrated industrial unit Haridwar (maximum number of industrial units are established.).
3. Integrated industrial Institute, Sitarganz, Udhamsingh Nagar,
4. Integrated Industrial Institute, Pharma City, Sela kui, Dehradun.
5. Sigaddi Growth Centre, Kotdwar
6. 1.T. Park, Dehradun.
7. L.T. Park. Udhamsingh Nagar
•Energy
Uttarakhand is situated in Himalayan region, so, it is called the Power house of the country. The fact is that the Himalayas is called the water bank of the country so Uttarakhand has the responsibility of supplying 20% of the total energy of the country.
There is dearth of traditional resources of electricity generation like- coal, natural oil and natural gas in the state. So, it mostly depends on water resources. There is the possibility of generating 40,000 Mega watt electricity through many hydro electric projects like there in China. At present, only 3618 Mega watt electricity is generated in this field. It is estimated that the state earns Rs. 10740 millon per year.
Though the first electric power house was built in Darjeeling, yet, the second power House (Glogi Power house) was constructed in Dehradun, Mussoorie way in 1907. After independence also, in 1950 and in 1955 in Haridwar, Mohamadpur Power House and Pathari Power House were constructed.
Organizing Structure
In the field of electric generation 65% units are under central Institutes like NTPC, NHPC, THDC etc, whereas 20% units are under state Hydro electric corporation and the rest 15% projects are under the private institutes like: Jay Prakash, G.V.K. Reliance etc.
For administrative control upon the departments. Uttarakhand power corporation and Uttarakhand Hydro electric corporation were established on 1st April, 2001. It is the Hydro Electric Nigam that distributes projects of the state, among the private sectors or centralized organizations. It bears the responsibility of utilising the water capacity.
On June 1, 2004 the power transmission corporation of Uttarakhand Limited was founded. Its purpose was to fulfil the requirement of electric transmission of the state. In the form of the government under taking Uttarakhand Power Corporation limited (U.P.C.L.) was established in 2001. It distributes the electricity received from Uttarakhand Hydro electric corporation Limited and power transmission corporation of Uttarakhand limited among the consumers.
0 Comments