Physical Education Class 10 ICSE Basketball notes

Physical Education Class 10 ICSE Basketball notes

•Basketball

(i) Basketball was invented by Dr James Naismith who was a physical education teacher in YMCA Training School at Springfield (USA) in 1891. Initially, a bladder ball was used to put into the basket which was hung at the end lines of the court. A ball could be moved either by bounce or by passing, to score a basket.

(ii) This game gained popularity after some years when it was played as demonstration game in 1924 at Paris Olympics. Later set rules were framed. It was officially introduced in 1936 Berlin Olympic Games.

(iii) At world level its rules and technicality were regulated by “Federation International de Basketball Association (FIBA)” in 1950.

(iv) In India the development of Basketball is regulated by “Basketball Federation of India (BFI)” after it was constituted in 1950. At first Asian Games it was also competed in 1951 at Delhi.

(v) Today, this is very popular game among Europeans and Americans as it requires high fitness standards. Americans have developed a new form of basketball named as National Basketball Association (NBA) with fast paced rules and dimensions. This game is popular among tall individuals as they gain height advantage. In India also, UBA (United Basketball Alliance of India) has been started in 2016 to uplift this game.

•Latest Rules of the Game

(i) Two teams of 5 players each try to score points by tossing the ball into the opposing team’s basket.

(ii) They may use only their hands to control the ball and are not allowed to run while holding it.

(iii) A field goal counts for 2 points or 3 points (if it is thrown from outside the 3-point line). A free-throw is worth 1 point. This is indicated by raising one or two or three fingers (as per score) of right hand by Referee.

(iv) The team with possession of the ball must launch an attack within the following time limits. After taking possession of the ball, it has 8-seconds to move the ball forward across the mid-court line; 24-seconds to take a shot at the basket.

(v) ‘Throw-in’ given to opponent team if ball lands out of bound during play or touches the player who is standing out of bounds. Opponents are also awarded with throw-in if foul or violation is committed outside the restricted area.

Time Rules :

(a) Playing Time : The playing time period is of 40 min duration which is extended into four quarters. The rest period in-between I to II and III to IV quarters is 2 min whereas, in half (between II to III quarter) it is 5 min to 10 min, i.e., 10 - 2 ; 10 - 5/10 ; 10 - 2 ; 10. The game clock starts when the ball reaches the highest point on a toss, during a jump ball is tapped by the first player.

(b) Extra Time : In case of tie during normal time period of 40 min the game is extended for 5 min play. It can further be extended up to break of tie.

(c) ‘24’Seconds Rule : Whenever team gains possession of ball, they are supposed to attempt the basket within 24 seconds.

d) ‘8’Seconds Rule : After the score or due to foul or any other reason if team gets the possession of ball they are supposed to move the ball in the front of court

(from the rear half of court) within ‘8’ seconds. (Earlier it was 10 second rule).

(e) ‘5’-Seconds Rule : A player cannot hold the ball (without bounce) for more than ‘5’ seconds.

(f) ‘3’-Seconds Rule : Any offensive player cannot stay inside the opponents restricted area consecutively for more than ‘3’ seconds, (apart from attempts, rebounds or tries for making basket).

(g) Charged Timeout : Each team can take one timeout maximum in I, II, III quarters and can take two timeouts in IV quarter. The duration of timeout is I min maximum. It is only granted when ball is not in play. Game is continued from side pass (as per possession before the timeout).

Fouls :
It is an infraction of rules involving personal contact with the opponent or unsportsmanlike behaviour. These obstructions are committed to the opponent to get the possession of the ball or overpower the opponent or misconducts or misbehave with the officials in the playing field. Fouls are noted over score sheet by the table official. In case of fouls the opponents are awarded throw-in or free-throw (as per attempt for scoring).

Personal Poul : It is a player’s foul which involves illegal contact with the opposing player whether the ball is live or dead. A player is eliminated from the match if he commits 5 personal fouls. They are further penalized with throw-in or free-throws if their team has committed more than four fouls in each quarter. These fouls are charging, illegal blocking, guarding from behind, holding or pushing opponent, illegal-screening, etc.

Unsportsmanlike Poul : This foul is also known as intentional foul. It is a personal foul of a player, with or without the ball. It has been deliberately committed against opponent like intentionally hitting the opponent player who is going for scoring basket. This is a serious foul in which opponent gets two freethrows along with side pass from centre-line.

Violations :
It is an infraction of rules of game, i.e., illegal actions for controlling or dribbling the ball during the game (without obstructing opponent). These violations are not noted over the score sheet but opponent gains the possession of the ball.

Travelling : Illegal movement of the ball like running without bounce or passing while running.

Caring : A player with ball dribbles the ball with the shifting palm rather than the finger. Double-Dribble : A player while dribbling the ball cannot use both hands simultaneously for dribble. He can use both hands only while receiving or while passing the ball.

Out of Bound : Ball hits the boundary line or it bounces out of play-field.

•Terminology

Blocking : It is illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of opponent player with or without the ball.

Charging : It is personal contact, with or without ball, by pushing illegal guarding. It is preventing defence from rear of player or backside of player.

Illegal-Screening : It is illegal attempt to delay or prevent opponent player who does not control the ball from reaching desired position.

Holding : It is personal contact to opponent player that interferes the freedom of movement (by body contact).

Double-Foul : A situation in which opposing player commits contact fouls against each other simultaneously.

Dead-Ball : Ball lands out of bounds, official blows the whistle, in case of violation, fouls, etc. It is temporary stoppage of game.

Live-Ball : During jump-ball if ball is legally tapped or officials place the ball for play or at the disposal of free throw or throw-in.

Lay-Up-Shot : A shot executed by a player while moving two steps with the ball and attempting a shot.

Three Point : The basket or goal scoring which gives addition of three points in the score. It should be thrown behind the three point line or arc.

Captain Duties and Powers : The captain (CAP) is a player designated by his coach to represent his team on the playing court. He may communicate in a courteous manner with the officials during the game to obtain information, however, only when the ball becomes dead and the game clock is stopped. The captain shall, immediately at the end of the game, inform the referee if his team is protesting against the result of the game and sign the scoresheet in the space marked ‘Captain’s signature in case of protest’.

Duties of 24 Seconds-Operator : To check the 24 seconds-rule, i.e., starting the time of teams with ball possession and alarm it when time is over or finishes. To notice every time when possession of ball changes.

Duties of Timekeeper :
(i) He shall note when each quarter is to start and notify this to Referee more than three minutes before this time.

(ii) He shall keep record of play and stoppage of time.

(iii) He shall indicate with bell the expiry of playing time in each quarter or extra time.

(iv) Timekeeper shall start timeout watch for charged timeout.

Duties of Referee and Umpire :
(i) There is one Referee and one Umpire to conduct the match.

(ii) They enforce the game rules to both the teams.

(iii) They observe and whistle for fouls and violation and indicate this to the table official.

(iv) They keep the ball for free-throw or throw-in to the opposing teams. They assist each other for smooth conduct of the game.

•Fundamental Skills of Basketball

Dribbling : Low-dribble, High-dribble, Behind the back-dribble, Under the leg-dribble, Between the leg-dribble, Cross-over,

Passing : Chest-pass, Bounce-pass, Long-pass, One-hand pass, One-hand- side-pass, Underhand- pass, Baseball- pass, Outlet- pass, No-look-pass.

Shooting : Jump-shot, Set-shot, Hook-shot, Lay-up-shot, Dunk-shot, Tip-in shot, Free throw, Bank shot, Slam dunk.

Defence : Zone defence, Man-to-man defence, Combination defence, Match-up defence (blocking, screening), Press defence.

Offence : Early offence, Fast break, Set offence, Motion offence, Zone offence, Spread offence.

Body Techniques : Fake or dodge, Dodge by signal, Dodge by screen, Pivoting, Change of pace.

Rebounding : Offensive-rebound, Defensive-rebound.

Jump-Ball : To start the game in the beginning, ball is tossed and players jump for the collection of the ball. They are not allowed to push or hit the opponent

player, usually performed by a tall player. For the next time it continues with throw-in (as per new rules).

Chest-Pass : It is a direct pass to own teammate at chest level. Ball is passed with initial momentum depending upon the distance to pass. It is passed with both hands which are flexed initially and later extended towards passing.

Bounce-Pass : Player passes the ball with a bounce to his teammates after faking defender. It should reach normal height.

Passing (One Hand) : After faking opponent, the player passes the ball to his own teammate. It can be done by one hand or both hands.

Low-Dribble : It is a defensive dribble to keep the control over the ball (when opponent is close). The ball is bounced at low height up to knee and body shields the opponent, body is slightly crouched.

 Important Tournaments 

Olympic Games, World Championship, NBA (League), UBA Pro Basketball League, Asian League, Pederation Cup, National Games, Baba Parid Invitational Tournament, Om Prakash Memorial Tournament, Prithvi Cup.

(Important Venues 

Guru Nanak Stadium (Ludhiana), Talkatora Stadium, I.G. Indoor Stadium (Delhi), Tata Sports Complex (Tata Nagar), Railways Sports Complex (Mumbai, Varanasi), Nehru Sports Complex (Lucknow), Indoor Sports Complex (Hyderabad), NIS Complex (Patiala, Bengaluru), Katoch Stadium (Jalandhar).