Physical Education Class 10 ICSE Cricket Notes

Physical Education Class 10 ICSE Cricket Notes

•History

(i) Cricket is played using a ball and a wooden bat. Rounders is the predecessor to cricket, was a popular sport in I3th century in England, during the reign of King Edward I.

(ii) The first major official match was held between Kent and Middlesex in 1719 and the first rules were framed in 1744. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lords (formed in 1787), became the reference for the code of ethic employed in cricket. The MCC gave proper shape to cricket by framing rules and regulations in 1835.

(iv) Cricket is governed and administered worldwide by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Cricket is played in three formats : Test Match (from 1844), One Day (from 1975), Twenty20 (from 2007).

(v) Cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century. The first Indian Cricket Club was named as Orient Club Mumbai in 1848.

(vi) India’s first official match was played in 1933 at Gymkhana ground in Mumbai

(vii) Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body of cricket in India; it regulates the team selection since 1929.

•Latest rules of the Game

(i) Two teams of 11 players each play alternately on the elliptical field. There is a rectangular strip (the pitch) located between stumps in the centre. The choice of the team batting or fielding is determined by a toss.

(ii) At the Umpire’s signal, the fielding team takes its place on the field (around the pitch), while the first 2 batsmen of the opposing team take their positions in front of the wickets. The remaining 9 team members wait in the clubhouse for their turn to bat. This marks the beginning of an innings, which ends after 10 batsmen of a team are out.

(iii) The bowler bowls the ball towards the wicket in order to make the balls fall-off the wicket (called breaking the wicket). If he succeeds, the batsman is out. Batsmen have to defend their wickets and attempt to hit the ball out of the reach of their opponents, in order to have enough time to run from one wicket to the other, while passing each other (called a run).

(iv) The batsmen attempts to score as many runs as possible before the ball is returned. The other members of the fielding team try to stop the batsman from scoring runs by recovering the ball as quickly as possible and throwing it at the stumps in an attempt to break them before the batsman completes the run.

(v) A run is completed when the 2 batsmen cross each other and reach their opposite ends.

(vi) A series of bowls (minimum 6 bowls) is called an over. The bowler switches position with one of the players of his team once his over is completed. After an over, the fielding team changes ends. The winning team is the one which scores the most runs. Cricket is played in three formats : Test Match, One Day, Twenty20.

TEST MATCH
It is played for 5 days where batting team has good opportunity to score maximum runs to build pressure over opposing team. There is less pressure of score-rate per over. Batting team can declare anytime if they find score good, then innings ends. Afterwards other team gets opportunity to chase or build pressure for second innings. This pattern is followed for five days in which both teams have to play two innings to get the result. Otherwise, match ends in draw if no result comes in the fixed days. In test match 90 overs are bowled in a day. Test match requires good batting and bowling skill from both the teams.

ONE DAY MATCH
It is a very popular form of cricket. In this, each team has to play one innings of 50 overs (in normal conditions), bowler is restricted, not to bowl more than 10 overs. Pirst batting team tries to make maximum runs/scores in limited overs (50 overs). Afterwards opposing team chases the score, if they score more than opponent they win. Good score rate is the gauge of the game. The new rule of ‘Power Play’ has paced more to ‘One Day Match’. Now, there are fielding restrictions which can put pressure on batting team by placing close fielding positions (9 fielders can field within 30 yard circle). This can be performed in three stages of 5 overs each.

TWENTY20
In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single winings each, which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs. A Twenty20 game is completed in about 3 hours, with each winnings lasting around 75-90 minutes and a 10-20 minute interval. This is much shorter than the previously existing forms of the game, and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports. This fast-paced form of the game is very attractive to spectators and viewers on television.

•Playing Field and equipment

Tips to Remember :
(i) Players in a Team = 11 + 5 (Extra) = 16
(ii) No. of Umpires = 2 + 1 (Third Umpire)
(iii) Weight of Cricket Ball = 5.5 Ounce (156 g)
(iv) Circumference of the Ball = 9 Inches (22-5 cm)

(v) Colour of Ball = Red/White (Leather made)
(vi) Length of Bat = 38 Inch (96-5 cm)
(vii) Widest part of Bat =

•Terminology

Over : In this, player has to deliver or bowl for 6 times (legal) successively from one end.

Dead-Ball : When ball is in the hands of the bowler after throw.

No-Ball : When the bowler commits some non-legal action to bowl.

Wide-Ball : A ball that is judged to be too wide of the stumps for the batsman to play.

Bye : When the batsman takes run due to misfielding (without the ball touching his bat).

Leg-Bye : When the batsman takes the run by the snick of pads.

Appeal: It is request or shouts by fielding players in anticipation of batsman to be given out by the Umpire.

Bouncer : When the bowler bowls the ball fast and short so as to rise above the shoulder level after pitching.

Yorker : When ball is just bounced under the bat.

Maiden-Over : The over in which not even a single run is scored.

Duck : The batsman gets ‘out’ without scoring a single run.

Century : A batsman scoring ton or one hundred runs.

•Fundamentals skills of Cricket

Batting : On drive, Off Drive, Square cut, leg glance front Foot defence, back foot defence, forward stroke, backward stroke, straight drive, cover drive, lofted drive, pull shot, cut shot, hook shot, glance, stepping out to drive the flighted ball, sweep. These strokes can be played to various points over fielding positions.

Fielding : Close catching, catching in the outfield, long barrier, ching-high, slip-catches, throwing at stumps at different angles.

Bowling : In Swing, Out Swing, Yorker, Full Toss. There are fast pace bowlers, medium pace bowlers and spin bowlers. They are specialized in their bowling action. Some pace bowlers are specialized for out swing or in swing, whereas, some spinners are specialized for leg- spin, off-spin, googly, flipper, top-spin, etc. Pace bowlers have longer run-up approach, whereas spinners have shorter run-up approach which may be straight or diagonal. Both types of bowlers use specific grip of ball to bring variation in bowling.

Wicket-Keeping : Footwork, Catching the Ball, Diving, controlling the ball at back, stumping, collection of ball during throw.

Batting-Stance : Bat is held with both hands and it is placed near the rear foot, while body is slightly bent forward. The head looks towards the bowler. Body weight is on both the feet while the shoulder points towards the bowler.

Front-Foot-Defence : In this, the batsman takes one foot ahead and simultaneously, the body weight is shifted to front along with the bat. At this position, the ball is played.

Back-Foot-Defence : In this, the batsman moves his rear foot along with shifting weight. At this position the ball is played.