Biodiversity of Uttarakhand
These notes are helpful for the students preparing for UKPCS , U.K judiciary and other Uttrakhand state exams
•Conservation of Biodiversity
All the living beings (creatures and plant life are called Bio-diversity collectively. Hence, fauna + flora Bio diversity.
For preservation of bio-diversity two methods are adopted which are as follows:
• In-situ method
•Ex-situ method
When the efforts are carried out to conserve the living beings in their natural habitation, it is called In-situ method. Under it National Parks, wild life sanctuaries and reserved areas for bio-diversity are established. But when the endangered species of a particular area are conserved in any other region, it is called Ex-Situ method. Under it Zoological Parks and botanical gardens are established. There are 6 National Parks, 7 Wild life sanctuaries, 3 Reserved Regions, 1 Zoological Reserved Region and 1 High Altitude Zoological Reserved region in Uttarakhand.
It is the first national park of south-east Asia. After independence, it was named as Ram Ganga National Park These are the natural habitations of the wild life that is to say the area where wild life is conserved in its natural region, is called National Park.
In Uttarakhand, the parks and sanctuaries are as under:
Jim Corbett National Park (8 August, 1936)
This park is spread over 520,8 square kms. in Ramnagar and Pauri. Its gateway is at Dhikala in Nainital. Established as Helly National Park in 1857, it was named as Jim Corbett, National Park in 1957. It is mainly the natural habitation of tigers. That is why the first tiger project of the country was started here in this park on 1st November, 1973. It is the oldest national park.
Govind National Park (1980)
Spread over the area of 472 square kms, this national park is situated in Uttarakashi. Here, the project of conservation of snow-Leopard is going on It is governed by the Headquarters of Raja Ji National Park Dehradun.
Nandadevi National Park (1982)
spread over the area of 624 square kms. This national park is situated in Chamoli District. Mainly the project of conservation of musk-deer is going on here, in this park.
The valley of flowers-(1983)-
spread over in the area of 87.5 square km. This National Park is situated in Chamoli District which was made global famous by Frank Smith, the author of the book "Valley of Flowers."Flowers of different species are found here among which the maximum number is of Brahma Kamal. Puspawati River flows through this valley which originates from Kamet mountain.
Note: In 2005 UNESCO has included it in the World Heritage List.
Raja Jee National Park
Spread over in the area of 820,4 square kms. this national park is expanded upto Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Districts. Though it was first established as wild life sanctuary m 1935 in Motichoor (Haridwar) yet it is mainly the centre of conservation of elephants. It was declared as second tiger reserved park in 2015.
Gangotri National Park (1989)
spread over in the area of 2390 square kma: this national park is situated in Uttarkashi District. The project concerning conservation of snow-leopard. Himalayan Beer, Monal, Musk Deer, Bharal is going on here in this park. It is the largest and latest national park of Uttarakhand.
Wild Life Sanctuary
When one or some endangered species are conserved in a place, the place is called wild life sanctuary. Main sanctuaries of Uttarakhand are as follows:
Govind Wild Life Sanctuary (1955);
spread over in the area of 485 square km.s this sanctuary is in Uttarkashi District where the project of conservation of snow leopard is going on.
Kedar Wild Life Sanctuary (1972):
spread over in the area of 957 square kms. this wild life sanctuary is situated in Chamoli and Rudraprayag where the project of conserving musk-deer. Himalayan Beer, Oak and Rhododondron is going on.
Askot Wild Life sunctuary 1986;
spread over in the ares of 600 square kms the sanctuary is situated in Pithoragarh District where the musk deur are found in maximum number and the project of their conservation is going on there in this anctuary.
Sone River Wild Life sanctuary 1987;
It is spread over in 501 aquare kms. It is in Pauri districi, conservation of Elephants is going on here
Binser Wild Life Sanctuary 1988;
spread over into the area of 47 square km, this sanctuary is situated in Almorn District where the project for conserving Oak and Rhododendron is going on.
Vinog Montain Clave Wild Life Sanctuary (1993);
spread over in the area of 11 square kms. this sanctuary is situated in Mussoorie (Debraden) where the bird called mountain clave was seen for the last time.
Nandhaur Wild Life Sanctuary (2012);
spread over into the area of 270 square km. this sanctuary is located in Nainital-Champawat district.
Geologically Reserved Areas
When the whole ecological system of an area is preserved that is to way all the living beings, plants, water resources will and whole environment la preserved, the place is called geologically preserved area. Its purpose is to maintain the getic growth of these living beings for which the conservation of environment is also important. The only gedlogically preserved region of Uttarakhand is Nandadevi geological preserved region. It is spread over in Pithoragarh, Chamoli and Bageshwar Districts of the state, its aren is 3860.6square kms. It was established in 1988 The UNESCO has included it in its heritage list.
In 2006 Uttarkhand Government declared two regions as conservef regions.
Asan Barrage Conserved Region
(Vilasiagar, Dehradun)-for conserving the grant syberian crane.
Jhilmil Conserved centre (Haridwar) for oservation of Chuetal Sting and Chinital Hind
Govind Ballabh Pant High Altitude Zoological Park
It was established in 1990 nil apread over in the art of 40% square kims. This is located in high altitude in Nainital Mainly Byberie Tiger. Leopard, Wolf, Sumthor, te and Sileus Phagumus, Kolege Phesonnt. Bed legged partridge Phone Parcois. Chicks off are found here in this park
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