Web Applications Class 10 Notes
•ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS
Accessibility options are the hardware and software technologies that help visually or physically impaired people to use the computer. For example, the Accessibility Options in Ubuntu and Windows provide keyboard, mouse and screen options for people who have difficulty typing or seeing the screen.
WINDOWS ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS
Windows offers a variety of accessibility tools to customize your computer to make it easier to use. Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can change accessibility options to make your computer easier to see, hear and use.
Windows offers a variety of accessibility tools to customize your computer to make it easier to use. Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can change accessibility options to make your computer easier to see, hear and use.
To open Ease of Access Center when starting your computer, click the Ease of Access icon
in the lower-left corner of the Welcome screen. To open Ease of Access Center from Windows, press the Windows
in the lower-left corner of the Welcome screen. To open Ease of Access Center from Windows, press the Windows
U keys. Ease of Access Center opens and the four choices in Quick access to common tools are highlighted one by one. Narrator, a basic screen reader, reads the content aloud as it is highlighted and describes the on-screen activity.
To select a tool, press the Spacebar when the tool is highlighted.
❖ If you do not want Windows to scan and highlight tools in Ease of Access Center in the future, remove the selection from Always scan this section.
❖ If you do not want Windows to scan and highlight tools in Ease of Access Center in the future, remove the selection from Always scan this section.
❖ To stop Narrator from starting automatically when opening Ease of Access Center, remove the selection from Always read this section aloud.
❖ You can also use your mouse pointer to select tools:
❖ Selecting Start Magnifier makes it possible to enlarge the entire screen (full-screen mode), the area around the mouse pointer (lens mode) or a part of the screen (docked mode).
❖ Selecting Start Narrator starts a basic screen reader.
❖ Selecting Start On-Screen Keyboard opens a keyboard on the screen. Use On-Screen Keyboard to type on the screen with a mouse pointer or joy stick or, if you have an HP TouchSmart Computer or a computer with a touch screen, with a stylus, mouth stick or a finger.
❖ Selecting Set up High Contrast opens the Make the computer easier to see menu. The High Contrast function eliminates many of the colors on the screen and white or colored text is displayed on a black background in many areas.
•Making The Computer Screen Easier to see
You can increase the size of text and images or change the way items appear on the screen.
Open Ease of Access Center by pressing the Windows
U keys and then click the Make the computer easier to see link under Explore all settings.
4. To be able to turn on High Contrast without opening Ease of Access Center, select the check box next to Turn on or off High Contrast when left ALT + left SHIFT + PRINT SCREEN is pressed.
5. Click OK.
U keys and then click the Make the computer easier to see link under Explore all settings.
❖ To make window borders easier to see by changing the color, click the Adjust the color and transparency of the windows borders link, select a color and click the Save changes button.
❖ To make window borders easier to see by making them opaque, click the Adjust the color and transparency of the windows borders link, remove the selection from the check box next to Enable transparency and click the Save changes button.
❖ To make the rectangle around selected items in dialog boxes easier to see, select the check box next to Make the focus rectangle thicker and click Apply.
❖ To make the cursor easier to see, select a number from the Set the thickness of the blinking curser dropdown and click Apply.
❖ To turn off some visual effects, such as fading, select the check box next to Turn off all unnecessary animations (when possible) and click Apply.
❖ To turn off unneeded images or content, select the check box next to Remove background images (where available) and click Apply.
❖ To make window borders easier to see by making them opaque, click the Adjust the color and transparency of the windows borders link, remove the selection from the check box next to Enable transparency and click the Save changes button.
❖ To make the rectangle around selected items in dialog boxes easier to see, select the check box next to Make the focus rectangle thicker and click Apply.
❖ To make the cursor easier to see, select a number from the Set the thickness of the blinking curser dropdown and click Apply.
❖ To turn off some visual effects, such as fading, select the check box next to Turn off all unnecessary animations (when possible) and click Apply.
❖ To turn off unneeded images or content, select the check box next to Remove background images (where available) and click Apply.
•Turning on High Contrast
By intensifying the color contrast of some of the text and images on the computer screen, the High Contrast feature makes items more distinct and easy to identify.
1. Under Explore all settings in Ease of Access Center, click the Make the computer easier to see link.
2. Under High Contrast, to permanently change the visual theme on your computer, click the Choose a High Contrast theme link.
The Personalization window opens.
3. Under Basic and High Contrast Themes, select the desired color combination.
3. Under Basic and High Contrast Themes, select the desired color combination.
4. To be able to turn on High Contrast without opening Ease of Access Center, select the check box next to Turn on or off High Contrast when left ALT + left SHIFT + PRINT SCREEN is pressed.
5. Click OK.
• Using a Windows Computer without Mouse or Keyboard
On-Screen Keyboard and Speech Recognition can make using the computer without a mouse or keyboard possible.
If using a mouse is difficult, press the TAB key to navigate in Ease of Access Center menus. To open a link, press the TAB key until the link is highlighted and then press ENTER. To move slider bars, press the TAB key until the slider bar is highlighted and then press the left arrow or right arrow keys. To select or remove a selection from a check box or radio button, press the TAB key until the item is selected and then press the Spacebar key.
1. Open Ease of Access Center.
2. Under Explore all settings, click the Use the computer without a mouse or keyboard link.
• Making the Mouse Easier to use in Windows
Make the mouse pointer more visible by changing the way it looks and turn on features that make the mouse easier to use.
1. Open Ease of Access Center.
2. Under Explore all settings, click the Make the mouse easier to use link.
Changing the color and size of Windows mouse pointers.
2. Under Explore all settings, click the Make the mouse easier to use link.
Changing the color and size of Windows mouse pointers.
If you have trouble seeing the mouse pointer on your screen, you can make it more visible by following the steps below.
❖ Under Mouse pointers, select the radio button next to the desired color and size combination.
❖ Click Apply.
❖ Under Mouse pointers, select the radio button next to the desired color and size combination.
❖ Click Apply.
•Turning on Windows Mouse keys
Enabling Mouse Keys makes it possible to use the numeric keypad to move the mouse pointer around on the screen.
If using a mouse is difficult, press the TAB key to navigate in Ease of Access Center menus. To open a link, press the TAB key until the link is highlighted and then press ENTER. To move slider bars, press the TAB key until the slider bar is highlighted and then press the left arrow or right arrow keys. To select or remove a selection from a check box or radio button, press the TAB key until the item is selected and then press the Spacebar key.
•Making the Keyboard Easier to use in Windows
Setting up and using Windows Sticky Keys
Sticky Keys allows you to press one key at a time to use key combinations, such as CTRL + ALT + DELETE.
Sticky Keys allows you to press one key at a time to use key combinations, such as CTRL + ALT + DELETE.
If using a mouse is difficult, press the TAB key to navigate in Ease of Access Center menus. To open a link, press the TAB key until the link is highlighted and then press ENTER. To move slider bars, press the TAB key until the slider bar is highlighted and then press the left arrow or right arrow keys. To select or remove a
selection from a check box or radio button, press the TAB key until the item is selected and then press the Spacebar key.
selection from a check box or radio button, press the TAB key until the item is selected and then press the Spacebar key.
•Keyboard
ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS IN UBUNTU (Edubuntu version)
KEYBOARD
Turn on sticky keys
Sticky keys allow you to type keyboard shortcuts one key at a time rather than having to hold down all of the keys at once. For example, the Super + Tab shortcut switches between windows. Without sticky keys turned on, you would have to hold down both keys at the same time; with sticky keys turned on, you would press Super and then Tab to do the same.
Turn on sticky keys
Sticky keys allow you to type keyboard shortcuts one key at a time rather than having to hold down all of the keys at once. For example, the Super + Tab shortcut switches between windows. Without sticky keys turned on, you would have to hold down both keys at the same time; with sticky keys turned on, you would press Super and then Tab to do the same.
(Note : Super key has become the alternative for the Windows key when using Linux/Ubuntu.)
You might want to turn on sticky keys if you find it difficult to hold down several keys at once.
You might want to turn on sticky keys if you find it difficult to hold down several keys at once.
Slow Keys
When Slow Keys are active, the keyboard will not register a keystroke until you hold the key down for a certain length of time. The default time is 500 milliseconds, or half a second. You can move the slider with the mouse to adjust the length of time.
When Slow Keys are active, the keyboard will not register a keystroke until you hold the key down for a certain length of time. The default time is 500 milliseconds, or half a second. You can move the slider with the mouse to adjust the length of time.
Bounce Keys
When Bounce Keys are active, the keyboard will not accept a keystroke until there has been a certain interval of time since the previous keystroke. The default interval is 500 milliseconds. You can move the slider with the mouse to adjust the length of time.
When Bounce Keys are active, the keyboard will not accept a keystroke until there has been a certain interval of time since the previous keystroke. The default interval is 500 milliseconds. You can move the slider with the mouse to adjust the length of time.
Manage repeated key presses
By default, when you hold down a key on your keyboard, the letter or symbol will be repeated until you release the key. If you have difficulty picking your finger back up quickly enough, you can disable this feature, or change how long it takes before key presses start repeating, or how quickly key presses repeat.
By default, when you hold down a key on your keyboard, the letter or symbol will be repeated until you release the key. If you have difficulty picking your finger back up quickly enough, you can disable this feature, or change how long it takes before key presses start repeating, or how quickly key presses repeat.
❖ Click on System Settings.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Press Repeat Keys in the Typing section.
❖ Switch Repeat Keys to OFF.
Alternatively, adjust the Delay slider to control how long you have to hold a key down to begin repeating it and adjust the Speed slider to control how quickly key presses repeat.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Press Repeat Keys in the Typing section.
❖ Switch Repeat Keys to OFF.
Alternatively, adjust the Delay slider to control how long you have to hold a key down to begin repeating it and adjust the Speed slider to control how quickly key presses repeat.
•Adjust the Contrast
❖ Click on System Settings.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Click Seeing tab.
❖ Switch High Contrast to ON.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Click Seeing tab.
❖ Switch High Contrast to ON.
Quickly turn high contrast on and off
You can turn high contrast on and off by clicking the accessibility icon on the top bar and selecting High Contrast.
You can turn high contrast on and off by clicking the accessibility icon on the top bar and selecting High Contrast.
Change text size on the screen
If you have difficulty reading the text on your screen, you can change the size of the font.
❖ Click on System Settings.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Click Seeing tab.
❖ Switch Large Text to ON.
If you have difficulty reading the text on your screen, you can change the size of the font.
❖ Click on System Settings.
❖ Click Universal Access icon in the System Settings window. Universal Access panel opens on the screen.
❖ Click Seeing tab.
❖ Switch Large Text to ON.
•Networks Fundamentals
A Computer Network is a system in which computers are connected to share information and resources. This means that the computers can talk to each other and that every computer in the network can send information to the others. Computer networks allow people and machines to communicate, using a number of services.
Networking is done through different communication means. Telephone lines, wires, cables, satellite links, radio frequency are various means of communications.
Benefits of Networking
The benefits of networking in homes are :
❖ File sharing is possible. Not only can you share photos, music files and documents, you can also save copies of all of your important data on a different computer.
The benefits of networking in homes are :
❖ File sharing is possible. Not only can you share photos, music files and documents, you can also save copies of all of your important data on a different computer.
❖ Printer/peripheral sharing is possible. It is easy to then set up all of the computers to share a single printer. Other computer peripherals can be shared similarly such
as network scanners, Web cams and CD burners. Internet connection sharing is possible. Multiple family members or staff members in office, can access the
Internet simultaneously without having to pay an ISP for multiple accounts.
❖ Multi-player games can be played.
❖ Many popular home computer games support LAN mode where friends and family can play together, if they have their computers networked.
as network scanners, Web cams and CD burners. Internet connection sharing is possible. Multiple family members or staff members in office, can access the
Internet simultaneously without having to pay an ISP for multiple accounts.
❖ Multi-player games can be played.
❖ Many popular home computer games support LAN mode where friends and family can play together, if they have their computers networked.
•Instant messaging
An instant message (IM) is a real-time, text-based communication similar to chat. IM uses a shared software client between or among two or more people using personal computers, iPhones or other devices. The communication is done over a network, often the Internet and may include advanced modes with live voice or
video. File transfers are also sometimes allowed but are limited in size.
Instant messaging takes place in real-time and the response from participants can be spontaneous. Some instant messaging software allows users to view messages received when they are not logged on. These are called “Offline Messages”.
ey Features of an instant messaging are as follows:
❖ Text Messages can be sent to one or more person (Similar to SMS)
❖ Audio calls and conferencing.
❖ Video calls and conferencing.
❖ Files can be transferred (Documents, spreadsheets, audio files, video files, etc.)
❖ Message history is available.
❖ Text Messages can be sent to one or more person (Similar to SMS)
❖ Audio calls and conferencing.
❖ Video calls and conferencing.
❖ Files can be transferred (Documents, spreadsheets, audio files, video files, etc.)
❖ Message history is available.
Instant Messaging Account
Participants messaging to each other need to be signed in to the same instant messaging software. To use instant messaging software, a user must have a valid instant messaging account. Instant messaging accounts differ in formats; some instant messaging software such as Windows Live Messenger use email addresses for
managing the account and software such as Skype use standard names.
Participants messaging to each other need to be signed in to the same instant messaging software. To use instant messaging software, a user must have a valid instant messaging account. Instant messaging accounts differ in formats; some instant messaging software such as Windows Live Messenger use email addresses for
managing the account and software such as Skype use standard names.
Instant Messaging Services
There are two kinds of instant messaging software – application based and Web based. Application based instant messaging software is downloaded and installed on user’s computer.
There are two kinds of instant messaging software – application based and Web based. Application based instant messaging software is downloaded and installed on user’s computer.
Some of the popular instant messaging software are:
❖ Google Talk (Hangouts)
❖ Skype
❖ Windows Live Messenger
❖ Google Talk (Hangouts)
❖ Skype
❖ Windows Live Messenger
Web based instant messaging software is accessed using browsers such as Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, etc. Some of the popular web based instant messaging software are:
❖ MSN Web Messenger
❖ IMO
❖ Meebo
❖ eBuddy
❖ MSN Web Messenger
❖ IMO
❖ Meebo
❖ eBuddy
•GTALK
Google Talk, now known as Hangouts, is Google’s cross-platform messaging system. It lets you send text messages, make phone calls and video calls from almost any device to any other device. It is useful for streamlined communication across many different devices.
You can start the program by typing https://hangouts.google.com/ in your browser
•Creating And Publishing Blogs
What is a Blog ?
A blog is sometimes referred to as an online personal journal. It is a site designated for an individual to write about his/her daily experiences and often allowing readers to offer their comments. The term is a shortened form of weblog.Authoring a blog, maintaining a blog or adding content to an existing blog is referred to as blogging. Individual articles on a blog are referred to as blog posts, posts or entries and the person who created the blog post is often called a blogger.
There are generally two types of users of a blog: the Blog Owner and the Blog readers.
The Blog Owner has control over his/her blog.
Only the Blog Owner can create a category within a blog. The creation of categories allows for the blog owner to organize his/her content.
The Blog Owner has control over his/her blog.
Only the Blog Owner can create a category within a blog. The creation of categories allows for the blog owner to organize his/her content.
Users can post comments to blog posts if the Blog owner has allowed comments in a category.
CREATING OFFLINE BLOGS
An offline blog editor is an amazing tool for bloggers because it lets you create blog posts without an internet connection. So, instead of waiting to wait for an online editor to load and then worry that a hiccup in your network connection could cancel out all your work, you can just work offline.
An offline blog editor is an amazing tool for bloggers because it lets you create blog posts without an internet connection. So, instead of waiting to wait for an online editor to load and then worry that a hiccup in your network connection could cancel out all your work, you can just work offline.
Offline editors let you create, edit and format your content before you upload it to your website. Then, if you have an internet connection, you can publish the posts directly to your blog.
•Online Transactions
An online transaction, also known as a PIN-debit transaction, is a password-protected payment method that authorizes a transfer of funds over an electronic funds transfer (EFT) mechanism.
Online payments are done through debit card, credit card, mobile banking, BHIM, NEFT and other online funds transfer mode.
There are various online platforms, e-commerce websites and utility services that accept the bill digitally. One of the revolutions brought by Information Technology is E-Commerce. E-commerce or E-business refers to buying and selling of goods or services through the Internet. These days, countless businesses offer online services. Some types of online businesses include consumer-based retail sites and the exchange of services and trading goods between corporations.
Internet Banking
Internet Banking enables a customer to perform basic banking transactions through PC or laptop located anywhere in the world. It is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and you can operate your account anytime/anywhere at your convenience.
Internet Banking enables a customer to perform basic banking transactions through PC or laptop located anywhere in the world. It is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and you can operate your account anytime/anywhere at your convenience.
It provides many features and functions to their customers and enables them to view their account balance, transfer money from their account to another account.
To use Internet Banking, the customer has to connect to the Internet and open the site of his bank (where he is having his account). The website of different banks.
To use Internet Banking, the customer has to connect to the Internet and open the site of his bank (where he is having his account). The website of different banks.
E-Shopping
The process of shopping done over the internet is called online shopping. Both products and services can be purchased by online shopping. Online shopping is used for business to business transactions or business to customer transactions with applications of electronic commerce. Amazon, Flipkart and Paytm are the online shopping platforms.
The process of shopping done over the internet is called online shopping. Both products and services can be purchased by online shopping. Online shopping is used for business to business transactions or business to customer transactions with applications of electronic commerce. Amazon, Flipkart and Paytm are the online shopping platforms.
E-Ticketing
An electronic ticket is an electronic document used for issuing tickets passengers.
Facility of e-ticket is being provided by various Airlines, Railways and even by Roadways for Luxury Buses.
An electronic ticket is an electronic document used for issuing tickets passengers.
Facility of e-ticket is being provided by various Airlines, Railways and even by Roadways for Luxury Buses.
•Internet Security Concerns
Safely Browsing the Web
Information on the Internet, can be shared world-wide. It becomes highly important that your data must be safe on Internet. It is very important that your data should be safe while you are connected to the Internet.
Information on the Internet, can be shared world-wide. It becomes highly important that your data must be safe on Internet. It is very important that your data should be safe while you are connected to the Internet.
The main threat to data is from the viruses which enter through E-mail or through opening some Internet sites which are illicit in nature. Do not try to open such illicit sites.
Safety Points while connected to Internet
1. Do not open illicit sites on the Internet. They may bring virus on your computer and destroy your programs and important data.
2. Do not disclose your password to anyone. He may open site using your own password and damage the data of others or your own by opening sites. In case the data of others is damaged, you may be prosecuted.
1. Do not open illicit sites on the Internet. They may bring virus on your computer and destroy your programs and important data.
2. Do not disclose your password to anyone. He may open site using your own password and damage the data of others or your own by opening sites. In case the data of others is damaged, you may be prosecuted.
3. Only disclose your credit or debit card number to the companies of high repute.
4. Do not download each and every software from the sites. Only download the software of reputed companies.
5. Download the free software of reputed companies only when you need such software otherwise there will be unnecessary load on hard disk of your computer and it will slow down.
6. Install a high quality anti-virus program or firewall on your computer so that virus may not enter in your computer and caution message appear on the screen.
4. Do not download each and every software from the sites. Only download the software of reputed companies.
5. Download the free software of reputed companies only when you need such software otherwise there will be unnecessary load on hard disk of your computer and it will slow down.
6. Install a high quality anti-virus program or firewall on your computer so that virus may not enter in your computer and caution message appear on the screen.
Safely using Social Networks
There will be hardly any person, who is using Internet on PC/laptop/smart phone, but might not be using social networking sites. Social networking sites are great for keeping in touch and making new friends. But if these social networking sites are not used properly they become boon for criminals looking who steal personal information of the users and make ill use of this.
There will be hardly any person, who is using Internet on PC/laptop/smart phone, but might not be using social networking sites. Social networking sites are great for keeping in touch and making new friends. But if these social networking sites are not used properly they become boon for criminals looking who steal personal information of the users and make ill use of this.
•Important Points
> Networking means linking of two computers to share the resources (both software and hardware).
> Common form of networking with a corporate office is LAN i.e. Local Area Network.
> Common form of networking with a corporate office is LAN i.e. Local Area Network.
> Local Area Network can be established within a large building or upto 1 kilometre.
> LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN etc are different types of networks.
> WAN is the largest network.
> To connect to the Internet, broadband connection is required.
> Internet is network of various interconnectd networks.
> WAN is the largest network.
> To connect to the Internet, broadband connection is required.
> Internet is network of various interconnectd networks.
> Internet uses a high speed backbone network to which the other smaller networks are joined.
> The set of rules governing communication between two computers is called protocol.
> No one owns the Internet.
> An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise.
> Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology.
> A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes.
> WiFi uses radio waves (RF) to allow two devices to communicate with one another.
> Unwanted emails are called spam.
> Internet users should change passwords regularly.
> The set of rules governing communication between two computers is called protocol.
> No one owns the Internet.
> An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise.
> Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology.
> A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes.
> WiFi uses radio waves (RF) to allow two devices to communicate with one another.
> Unwanted emails are called spam.
> Internet users should change passwords regularly.
> If you do online shopping, be sure that vendor’s website is secure.
> Internet users should use proper password(combination of numerals and letters).
> Password should be changed regularly.
> Every act committed towards breaking into a computer and/or network is hacking.
> A firewall is something that prevents intrusions into your computer.
> A firewall helps protect your computer by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to it through a network or the Internet.
> Passwords add a level of security to your computer.
> Internet users should use proper password(combination of numerals and letters).
> Password should be changed regularly.
> Every act committed towards breaking into a computer and/or network is hacking.
> A firewall is something that prevents intrusions into your computer.
> A firewall helps protect your computer by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to it through a network or the Internet.
> Passwords add a level of security to your computer.
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